Morocco: An Interview with Mohamed Ali Lagouader, Author Jillian York · 16:03 · Middle East & North Africa
From Mohammédia, Morocco, aspiring author Mohamed Ali Lagouader has discovered the art of transcending borders and reaching out to an international audience through publishing his novels and poetry online. Jillian York catches up with Lagouader and speaks to him about his writing, reading and dreams in this interview.
In Spanish :
Marruecos: Entrevista con Mohamed Ali Lagouader, Autor Traducido por Amaia Donés Mendia · 4:22 pm · Middle East & North Africa Mohamed Ali Lagouader nació y creció en Mohammedia, Marruecos. De joven escribió poesía en árabe marroquí, después cambió al francés y más tarde al inglés, tras recibir su título en Lengua Inglesa, en la Facultad de Letras de Mohamedia (tiene también un diploma en Traducción, obtenido en la Escuela Avanzada ... · leer »
dimanche 6 avril 2008
jeudi 4 octobre 2007
Salam Layla 11
It is always beautiful to see on TV pictures of places like Fez, Cairo, Baghdad and Cordova, with their magic palaces, mosques, schools, souks, streets and houses––all things that remind us of our beautiful past. It’s no less beautiful to see more and more people in the West embracing Islam and learning Arabic––just as millions of Spaniards did when the Arabs were the rulers of Cordova. People are showing their faith in our religion and language while most of us don’t have faith in ourselves. We ape others while some love the most beautiful things in us: faith and culture. While some are striving to learn Arabic to strengthen their links to the Islamic Ummah, many of us still feel great when they speak French, Spanish or English in our own homes and streets, in our own Arab world or go out wearing Western clothes or eat in Western-style restaurants. I have absolutely nothing against the West as such, but I am an Arab and a Muslim, and I just can’t help thinking of this question––the question of self-confidence. Yes, Layla, we lack self-confidence.
People whose forefathers fought each other in Abou Keer, in Trafalgar, in Al Alamein and elsewhere are not coming towards us because they fear us or because we are stronger than them, but because they see in us a beauty which we don’t see in ourselves or to which we choose to turn a blind eye. They are coming towards us with the same valour, with the same sincerity as that with which their forefathers fought for the glory of their nation.
We too can be better off. We too can be an enviable nation––if only we were a little more self-confident. Some of us are in fact waging wars in order to achieve what is very easy to achieve without bloodshed. But who would listen?
I can understand our love of the Western things. We were colonized by Western powers, and, as Ibn Khaldoun said, the vanquished tend to ape the victors. But for how long? Isn’t it high time we started to make a change?
People whose forefathers fought each other in Abou Keer, in Trafalgar, in Al Alamein and elsewhere are not coming towards us because they fear us or because we are stronger than them, but because they see in us a beauty which we don’t see in ourselves or to which we choose to turn a blind eye. They are coming towards us with the same valour, with the same sincerity as that with which their forefathers fought for the glory of their nation.
We too can be better off. We too can be an enviable nation––if only we were a little more self-confident. Some of us are in fact waging wars in order to achieve what is very easy to achieve without bloodshed. But who would listen?
I can understand our love of the Western things. We were colonized by Western powers, and, as Ibn Khaldoun said, the vanquished tend to ape the victors. But for how long? Isn’t it high time we started to make a change?
vendredi 28 septembre 2007
Salam Layla 10
Layla, I saw beautiful palaces. No, I didn’t see them in a dream. I saw them with my own eyes. I saw them on television. On Jordanian TV. These palaces were designed by Arabian minds and built by Arabian hands in the heart of the desert in today Jordan. One would love to have dinner or foutour in the hall of one of those palaces, which were built thirteen centuries ago. In fact, many people –who have the money– do go there to visit not only the desert palaces but other places as well. The problem is that many of those visitors are not Muslim. Therefore there has been talk recently in Jordan of whether to permit the sale of alcohol to such visitors during the holy month of Ramadan. Those who were for said that what counted after all was tourists’ money, which would benefit the country’s economy. Those who were against argued that the country’s moral values were more important than any money that would come from tourism. This is not peculiar to Jordan, though.
Oil-rich states excepted, most of our Arab countries are poor. Yet, we continue to delude ourselves that we are in the process of developing and that one day we will become new “Tigers”. The problem is that when you look at our economy, you find that –for most countries– it depends on agriculture, which in turn depends on pluviometry, which is increasingly anything but reliable. Around agriculture have grown agro-industries that have failed to ensure food self-sufficiency for us. We still import most of our food. But to do so, we need money, we need foreign currency. So we rely on tourism and money transfer by our expatriates.
That money, however, does not come alone. Both tourists and many expatriates bring with them not only the money, but also social values and attitudes that are considered here as alien. With time those social values and attitudes become normal, and so more and more local people here ape the rich visitors. This in turn brings about so-called extremism.
Many so-called extremists believe they can change the situation through politics. So many of them took part in elections here and there in the hope of forming a government that would fix all the problems. The problem is that the problems are too many to be solved by anybody––all the more so since the approach to these problems is very much the same on either side.
Of that I’ll tell you more, insha Allah.
Good night, Layla!
Oil-rich states excepted, most of our Arab countries are poor. Yet, we continue to delude ourselves that we are in the process of developing and that one day we will become new “Tigers”. The problem is that when you look at our economy, you find that –for most countries– it depends on agriculture, which in turn depends on pluviometry, which is increasingly anything but reliable. Around agriculture have grown agro-industries that have failed to ensure food self-sufficiency for us. We still import most of our food. But to do so, we need money, we need foreign currency. So we rely on tourism and money transfer by our expatriates.
That money, however, does not come alone. Both tourists and many expatriates bring with them not only the money, but also social values and attitudes that are considered here as alien. With time those social values and attitudes become normal, and so more and more local people here ape the rich visitors. This in turn brings about so-called extremism.
Many so-called extremists believe they can change the situation through politics. So many of them took part in elections here and there in the hope of forming a government that would fix all the problems. The problem is that the problems are too many to be solved by anybody––all the more so since the approach to these problems is very much the same on either side.
Of that I’ll tell you more, insha Allah.
Good night, Layla!
mercredi 19 septembre 2007
Salam Layla 9
What shall I tell you tonight, Layla? Well, there’s a sad story, I’m sorry. Six years ago a number of Muslim men flew two airliners into the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in America. Like most of the people who followed the event live on TV I didn’t see the first plane hit the first tower. But I did see the second as it crashed into the second tower. The fateful encounter looked like a deadly kiss. It was an unearthly kiss that brought death to thousands on that day in America proper and to many more afterwards in other parts of the world. Paradoxically, that deadly kiss also brought life to thousands of souls in America itself and elsewhere.
After that day we heard the American President speak like Pharaoh and we heard Sheïkh Bin Ladin speak like Moses. And there followed two wars, which made the daily headlines. In the evening news, on the Internet, in pubs and bars, people started talking almost daily about those Muslim terrorists and all those other Muslims “who hate us”. It was hard to swallow the fact that those terrorists used the Western technology to fight the West. Even less understandable was the fact that people who were born and raised in the West went to join the terrorists in their fight against the West. Even more maddening was the fact that people in the West began embracing Islam in their thousands after 9/11. America suddenly discovered that one of her children was a full-fledged imam who spoke Arabic better than many Arabs, who knew the Koran and the Hadith by heart–which only some Arabs and Muslims did– , and who was duly authorized to issue fatwas. He was even received by the American President. Other American imams became stars and were invited to speak on American TVs.
It was then discovered that American Muslims showed their fellow brothers and sisters in Islam how to create Islamic websites and how to run Islamic satellite TV channels.
That’s history repeating itself in other ways.
We all in the Muslim world –not only “the terrorists”– use Western things, such as the radio, the telephone, the television, the car, the presser cooker, tab water, electricity, etc, etc. But didn’t the West use our Oriental things when the Ottoman Empire was in much of Europe? Now one of us here would find the same pleasure in using a mobile, or eating pizza as one of those who knew the Ottomans found in using their clothes or drinking their coffee. In fact, a European of that time would feel important if he wore boots with high knees the same way someone of us would feel now when going out in a Western suit and tie. That’s the old rule that the vanquished ape the victors.
But even now some Westerners are happy to wear Oriental clothes, although the West is still considered to be “higher” than the Orient, including the Muslim world. That’s freedom of choice.
Those people did not only choose to dress à l’orientale, but they also, and more importantly, embraced a faith that is “technically” at least in confrontation with the West. Why so? Simply because they found themselves in this faith. It brought them life in some way. It gave a meaning to their lives. It gave them hope. By embracing this faith –and of course I’m talking about Islam– those people only wanted to be devoted to the good of their country and their society. They know that crimes –ranging from drug use to adultery– are against their faith. In fact, many of those Western Muslims aren’t happy with the way Islam is practised in the Muslim world. They see a lot of un-Islamic things going on in the Muslim world.
True, a few of those did join the guys fighting the West, just as many Europeans joined the Greek Resistance in its fight against the (Muslim) Turks to chase them out of (Judaeo Christian) Greece. And many Muslims (such as Sharif al-Hussein) joined the (non-Muslim) British in their fight against the (Muslim) Turks.
After that day we heard the American President speak like Pharaoh and we heard Sheïkh Bin Ladin speak like Moses. And there followed two wars, which made the daily headlines. In the evening news, on the Internet, in pubs and bars, people started talking almost daily about those Muslim terrorists and all those other Muslims “who hate us”. It was hard to swallow the fact that those terrorists used the Western technology to fight the West. Even less understandable was the fact that people who were born and raised in the West went to join the terrorists in their fight against the West. Even more maddening was the fact that people in the West began embracing Islam in their thousands after 9/11. America suddenly discovered that one of her children was a full-fledged imam who spoke Arabic better than many Arabs, who knew the Koran and the Hadith by heart–which only some Arabs and Muslims did– , and who was duly authorized to issue fatwas. He was even received by the American President. Other American imams became stars and were invited to speak on American TVs.
It was then discovered that American Muslims showed their fellow brothers and sisters in Islam how to create Islamic websites and how to run Islamic satellite TV channels.
That’s history repeating itself in other ways.
We all in the Muslim world –not only “the terrorists”– use Western things, such as the radio, the telephone, the television, the car, the presser cooker, tab water, electricity, etc, etc. But didn’t the West use our Oriental things when the Ottoman Empire was in much of Europe? Now one of us here would find the same pleasure in using a mobile, or eating pizza as one of those who knew the Ottomans found in using their clothes or drinking their coffee. In fact, a European of that time would feel important if he wore boots with high knees the same way someone of us would feel now when going out in a Western suit and tie. That’s the old rule that the vanquished ape the victors.
But even now some Westerners are happy to wear Oriental clothes, although the West is still considered to be “higher” than the Orient, including the Muslim world. That’s freedom of choice.
Those people did not only choose to dress à l’orientale, but they also, and more importantly, embraced a faith that is “technically” at least in confrontation with the West. Why so? Simply because they found themselves in this faith. It brought them life in some way. It gave a meaning to their lives. It gave them hope. By embracing this faith –and of course I’m talking about Islam– those people only wanted to be devoted to the good of their country and their society. They know that crimes –ranging from drug use to adultery– are against their faith. In fact, many of those Western Muslims aren’t happy with the way Islam is practised in the Muslim world. They see a lot of un-Islamic things going on in the Muslim world.
True, a few of those did join the guys fighting the West, just as many Europeans joined the Greek Resistance in its fight against the (Muslim) Turks to chase them out of (Judaeo Christian) Greece. And many Muslims (such as Sharif al-Hussein) joined the (non-Muslim) British in their fight against the (Muslim) Turks.
Going back to the subject of Western technology, no one argues that aluminium, petrol, electricity and the ball-point pen are four great Western tools that have revolutionized our lives. Thanks for that. But the West too should be grateful to the Arabs for Arabian tools that revolutionized the Western way of life at some point in history. The compass is one of those Arabian things, but not the only one. The West used work by Muslim geographers, historians, travellers, explorers, and so on and so forth, which eventually resulted in their centuries-long occupation of Muslim territories. Besides, who made Bill Gates so rich? Wasn’t it the Arabs who introduced the figure 0 into Europe, and then the 0 became an integral part of computer science. Computer programming language is based on two basic figures: 0 and 1. So Bill Gates, and many others like him, should thankfully remember that they are indebted to the Arabs for half of their fortune!
I’ll tell you more. But that’s all for now.
Good night, Layla!
I’ll tell you more. But that’s all for now.
Good night, Layla!
dimanche 16 septembre 2007
Salam Layla 8
One of the beautiful things about our Ramadan is that it is celebrated all over the world: from Malmö in the North to Johansberg in the South, from Tokyo in the East to San Fransisco in the West. In Baghdad and Islamabad, in Kabul and Istanbul, in Washington and Wellington, in Nablus and Los Angeles, in Cairo and Ontario, in Warsaw and Arkansas, in Mecca and Dakka, in Izmir and Tangier, in Aukland and Portland, in Berlin and Beijing, everywhere you go you’ll find people –no matter how many they are– fasting from dawn to dusk, asking Allah’s forgiveness. They remind the world that it’s Allah Who is the Lord of the World, not America or NATO. Anyone can fast Ramadan. Even Christians join their Muslim neighbours in the fast of Ramadan in some parts of the world just as Muslims share with them Christmas and any other celebrations. They don’t care of those who kill each other in the name of God, be they in the right or in the wrong. They only care about pleasing God, Who, they know, does not want them to starve themselves for the sake of starving, but to educate them, to make them feel hungry and thirsty so that they realize how much God is bountiful towards man by providing him with all kinds of food and drink, which he tends to take for granted, and therefore they should give thanks to the One Who made them and provided them with all means of subsistence. By feeling hungry and thirsty themselves, those who fast would remember that while they are expecting to eat and drink at iftar at dusk, many people just won’t have anything to eat that day or won’t be able to eat every day, and they would realize that water, which is taken for granted in many countries, is a scarce commodity in many others. By fasting, those who fast remember God for hours and days, Him Who always remembers the faithful. And many, many people come to Allah during Ramadan. At no other time of year are mosques more full and lively than in Ramadan. At no other time of year is the Holy Koran more read than in Ramadan. At no other time of year are the poor, the homeless, the orphans remembered and cared for than in Ramadan. In Ramadan mercy and compassion descend upon the Earth. In Ramadan curiosity arises among those who believe in Scientology or those who believe they descended from a monkey, or those who believe the World was made by chance, or those who believe there’s just no God and no life after death.
In Ramadan, many “Muslims” don’t fast––not because they are ill, but simply because they believe they are free. They don’t care about God. They don’t care about Heaven and Hell. They believe they are free to do whatever they wish. And yet God will give them a chance. They are “free” to try whatever they like––as long as they are alive. And if they repent in time, they will find God the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. If they remain obstinate, they will see what happens after death. God is not in need of anybody worshipping Him or fasting for the sake of Him. But God is happy to see people from all races and colours, from all walks of life, wake up before dawn to have their souhour, and then at sunrise they go to their work in Casablanca, in Cairo, in Kwalalumpur, in Paris, in Kanu, in Haidarabad, in New York or in any other part of the world, and they keep fasting during their working hours, and then they come back home and sit with family and wait for the dusk prayer, and then have iftar together, and then go to taraweeh prayers and ask Allah the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate, for forgiveness and for a place in Heaven.
See, Layla, our Ramadan is lovely, too, isn’t it?
Good night, Layla!
In Ramadan, many “Muslims” don’t fast––not because they are ill, but simply because they believe they are free. They don’t care about God. They don’t care about Heaven and Hell. They believe they are free to do whatever they wish. And yet God will give them a chance. They are “free” to try whatever they like––as long as they are alive. And if they repent in time, they will find God the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. If they remain obstinate, they will see what happens after death. God is not in need of anybody worshipping Him or fasting for the sake of Him. But God is happy to see people from all races and colours, from all walks of life, wake up before dawn to have their souhour, and then at sunrise they go to their work in Casablanca, in Cairo, in Kwalalumpur, in Paris, in Kanu, in Haidarabad, in New York or in any other part of the world, and they keep fasting during their working hours, and then they come back home and sit with family and wait for the dusk prayer, and then have iftar together, and then go to taraweeh prayers and ask Allah the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate, for forgiveness and for a place in Heaven.
See, Layla, our Ramadan is lovely, too, isn’t it?
Good night, Layla!
samedi 15 septembre 2007
Salam Layla 7
Our Ramadan is beautiful, though, Layla. Why shouldn’t it be since our hearts are still alive despite all that’s happened since your time? Yes, it’s true we’re no longer the lords of the world. Yes, it’s true we are scattered into over fifty different countries. But our hearts are one because our God is One.
Unfortunately, we no longer speak the same tongue, the beautiful Arabic in which you spoke with your family and with your lover. We now use that Arabic –that we call Classical Arabic– only at school, at mosque and in the Administration. Even in the media people do not always speak in that beautiful Arabic. In my country, Morocco, there’s at least a magazine fully published in Moroccan Arabic. And you have Algerian Arabic, Libyan Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Syrian Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Yemeni Arabic, and everybody has his own Arabic. If only we all knew the original Arabic in which the Koran was revealed! You needn’t wonder at it, since most of us have never been to school, for only at school can one learn the Arabic which you learnt at home as your mother-tongue. Now that Arabic is nobody’s mother-tongue anymore. That’s why most of us simply don’t know the Koran. And most of those of us who do read the Koran don’t understand it the way you and your people did. So the Koran has had little impact on our lives for a long time now. Even now we only know some of it through our centuries-long customs and traditions. And that’s one of the two most salient causes of our decline.
Yet, this tenuous connection with the Koran is far from being the only cause of our decline. The second biggest cause, you know, is the struggle for power. Iraq, and you know what Iraq was like, is now in a mess because people there are still fighting each other for power. It’s the same old greed for authority, the same old love of the throne, the same old craziness for worldly glory. Now we are so many countries because of that craziness. Each country has its own Arabic, its own “caliph”, its own army, its own frontiers.
And yet we are all one because God is One. We all read the same Koran. We go to mosque. We fast and break the fast with the same pleasure. And of that I’ll tell you more, Inshallah.
Good night, Layla!
Unfortunately, we no longer speak the same tongue, the beautiful Arabic in which you spoke with your family and with your lover. We now use that Arabic –that we call Classical Arabic– only at school, at mosque and in the Administration. Even in the media people do not always speak in that beautiful Arabic. In my country, Morocco, there’s at least a magazine fully published in Moroccan Arabic. And you have Algerian Arabic, Libyan Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Syrian Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Yemeni Arabic, and everybody has his own Arabic. If only we all knew the original Arabic in which the Koran was revealed! You needn’t wonder at it, since most of us have never been to school, for only at school can one learn the Arabic which you learnt at home as your mother-tongue. Now that Arabic is nobody’s mother-tongue anymore. That’s why most of us simply don’t know the Koran. And most of those of us who do read the Koran don’t understand it the way you and your people did. So the Koran has had little impact on our lives for a long time now. Even now we only know some of it through our centuries-long customs and traditions. And that’s one of the two most salient causes of our decline.
Yet, this tenuous connection with the Koran is far from being the only cause of our decline. The second biggest cause, you know, is the struggle for power. Iraq, and you know what Iraq was like, is now in a mess because people there are still fighting each other for power. It’s the same old greed for authority, the same old love of the throne, the same old craziness for worldly glory. Now we are so many countries because of that craziness. Each country has its own Arabic, its own “caliph”, its own army, its own frontiers.
And yet we are all one because God is One. We all read the same Koran. We go to mosque. We fast and break the fast with the same pleasure. And of that I’ll tell you more, Inshallah.
Good night, Layla!
jeudi 13 septembre 2007
Salam Layla 6
And here comes Ramadan, Layla. Or rather it’ll start tomorrow. So we are cleaning our homes. I mean we clean what’s inside the house. No problem if the street outside is dirty. The street doesn’t belong to us. The strangers who visit us will judge us only by the inside of our house, and sometimes by the façade. This is what the strangers see. Anyone who doesn’t live with us is a stranger, not only distant family and the neighbours, but even our siblings and offspring who live in other places. So we must care about them all. We must show them that we are clean, that we belong to the world of today, since we have a good television set, a new refrigerator––in sum, all that important, respectable families should have. Those strangers don’t see beyond our appearances. They just see the floors, the walls, the furniture, the crockery, the television etc, etc, etc. They don’t see what’s in our minds and hearts. So we don’t care much about cleansing our hearts and minds. If we smile at our guests, that’s all they expect from us. We hide our problems as best we can until the strangers are gone.
And then, we can shout at one another, we can insult one another, we can invoke all kinds of evil on one another’s head, because we are used to that throughout the year. What’s the difference between Ramadan and the rest of the year? The only difference is that in Ramadan we spend more than usual, because we eat more than usual. But we remain the same people in the house. So someone has to assert his/her authority over the others.
And, in the evening, you know, we “all” gather round the table. We sit at the table while watching TV. And we should be careful while eating, because we laugh a lot. Our TV brings us the best comedians with their latest, and so we have a good laugh. We forget our problems. We feel that we are like the others. Because we see and hear the same thing as the whole country and we laugh at the same thing. And that’s the happiness that Ramadan brings us.
And after dinner, you know, our girls and boys will go downtown to enjoy themselves until midnight. Yes, our girls, too. What’s wrong with it? Everybody’s doing that. Why should a brother ask his sister where she’s going? Why should even her father ask her where she’s going or where she has been? We don’t live in the past. We should behave just like the other people in the world of today.
See, Layla, how times have changed?
Many, many years ago, you know, a friend told me this story:
“I met a European couple, who said to me, ‘When we wanted to come to Morocco as tourists we gave our bathing costume and trunks to our friends back there, because we assumed that we wouldn’t need them once we got into Morocco, which is a Muslim state. But as we arrived in Tangiers we were floored. We saw Moroccans in their bathing trunks at Tangiers beach!’”
Also in Tangiers, when I was a student there, I once got into my school library and found an American woman in her early thirties dressed in a Moroccan jellaba and head-scarf. She was sitting at a table and reading the Holy Koran. Around her were Moroccan female students in t-shirts and tight jeans!
Good night, Layla!
And then, we can shout at one another, we can insult one another, we can invoke all kinds of evil on one another’s head, because we are used to that throughout the year. What’s the difference between Ramadan and the rest of the year? The only difference is that in Ramadan we spend more than usual, because we eat more than usual. But we remain the same people in the house. So someone has to assert his/her authority over the others.
And, in the evening, you know, we “all” gather round the table. We sit at the table while watching TV. And we should be careful while eating, because we laugh a lot. Our TV brings us the best comedians with their latest, and so we have a good laugh. We forget our problems. We feel that we are like the others. Because we see and hear the same thing as the whole country and we laugh at the same thing. And that’s the happiness that Ramadan brings us.
And after dinner, you know, our girls and boys will go downtown to enjoy themselves until midnight. Yes, our girls, too. What’s wrong with it? Everybody’s doing that. Why should a brother ask his sister where she’s going? Why should even her father ask her where she’s going or where she has been? We don’t live in the past. We should behave just like the other people in the world of today.
See, Layla, how times have changed?
Many, many years ago, you know, a friend told me this story:
“I met a European couple, who said to me, ‘When we wanted to come to Morocco as tourists we gave our bathing costume and trunks to our friends back there, because we assumed that we wouldn’t need them once we got into Morocco, which is a Muslim state. But as we arrived in Tangiers we were floored. We saw Moroccans in their bathing trunks at Tangiers beach!’”
Also in Tangiers, when I was a student there, I once got into my school library and found an American woman in her early thirties dressed in a Moroccan jellaba and head-scarf. She was sitting at a table and reading the Holy Koran. Around her were Moroccan female students in t-shirts and tight jeans!
Good night, Layla!
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